Aquarium Substrate | PetMeTwice

Read More

How Much Substrate Per Gallon Of Aquarium Tank? (2023 Guide)

byMollie Newton
January 13, 2022
3.7K views

When looking to create the perfect habitat for our fish tank, there are a few key factors to…

Fish Swimming inside an Aquarium Featured Image

Read More

Top 5 Best Substrate For Planted Tanks (2023 Review)

byMollie Newton
March 23, 2020
238 views
14 shares

12

0

2

Aquatic plants can liven up any aquarium, but a fair bit of work is necessary for making sure…

Organic Fish Tank With Gravel

Read More

Top 4 Best Aquarium Sand in 2023 (Detailed Buyer’s Guide)

byMollie Newton
February 24, 2020
2.5K views
33 shares

32

0

1

Aquarium substrate plays an important role in your tank. Not only does it provide beneficial bacterias with a…

img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}span.wp-block-wpseopress-local-business-field{margin-right:8px;}body{--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#ce2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb902;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#01d083;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--secondary:#818181;--wp--preset--color--gray-50:#f8f9fa;--wp--preset--color--gray-100:#f8f9fb;--wp--preset--color--gray-200:#e9ecef;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale:url("#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale");--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale:url("#wp-duotone-grayscale");--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow:url("#wp-duotone-purple-yellow");--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red:url("#wp-duotone-blue-red");--wp--preset--duotone--midnight:url("#wp-duotone-midnight");--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow:url("#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow");--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green:url("#wp-duotone-purple-green");--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange:url("#wp-duotone-blue-orange");--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width:var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:inherit;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}.wp-block-pullquote{font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;}div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{font-size:120%;}div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{font-weight:500;}div#ez-toc-container ul li{font-size:100%;}div#ez-toc-container nav ul ul li ul li{font-size:90% !important;}div#ez-toc-container{background:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;}div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title{color:#4eadda;}div#ez-toc-container ul.ez-toc-list a{color:#1e6f95;}div#ez-toc-container ul.ez-toc-list a:hover{color:#999;}div#ez-toc-container ul.ez-toc-list a:visited{color:#4eadda;}.ez-toc-container-direction{direction:ltr;}.ez-toc-counter ul{counter-reset:item;}.ez-toc-counter nav ul li a::before{content:counters(item,".",decimal) ". ";display:inline-block;counter-increment:item;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;margin-right:.2em;float:left;}.ez-toc-widget-direction{direction:ltr;}.ez-toc-widget-container ul{counter-reset:item;}.ez-toc-widget-container nav ul li a::before{content:counters(item,".",decimal) ". ";display:inline-block;counter-increment:item;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;margin-right:.2em;float:left;}.searchwp-live-search-no-min-chars:after{content:"Continue typing";}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{background-color:#256aaf;}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{color:#fff;}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight a{color:#fff;}.breadcrumb{list-style:none;margin:0;}.breadcrumb li{margin:0;display:inline-block;position:relative;}.breadcrumb li::after{content:" > ";margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;}.breadcrumb li:last-child::after{display:none;}.entry-content .ez-toc-list{margin-top:20px !important;}.entry-content .ez-toc-link::before{color:#333;}.entry-content .ez-toc-toggle{background-image:none;border:none;}.entry-content .ez-toc-toggle.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}.entry-content .ez-toc-icon-toggle::before{color:#4eadda;content:"☰";font-size:110%;}.entry-content .wp-block-column{margin-bottom:20px;}.entry-content div#ez-toc-container ul li{margin:8px 0px;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote{background-color:#d5e3ea;font-size:inherit;color:inherit;border:none;margin:27px 0px;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote p{margin-bottom:1em;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote strong{color:black;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote p{color:black;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;}.entry-content .wp-block-quote cite{color:black;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;}@media (min-width: 782px){.entry-content .wp-block-quote{margin:27px 54px;}}.entry-content .wp-block-pullquote{border:0;padding:0;}.entry-content .wp-block-pullquote blockquote{border-color:#4eadda;margin:2.4em 0;font-size:1.2em;}.entry-content .wp-block-pullquote p{font-size:1em;}@media (min-width: 782px){.entry-content .wp-block-pullquote blockquote{margin:2.4em 3em 2.4em 3em;}.entry-content .wp-block-pullquote p{font-size:28px;}}.entry-content .wp-block-image{margin:2.4em 0;}.entry-content .reference-list{font-size:12px;}.entry-content .reference-list li{margin-bottom:10px;}.entry-content li ol,.entry-content li ul{margin-top:.6em;margin-bottom:.6em;}.entry-content ol{list-style:none;counter-reset:li;margin-bottom:2.4em;}.entry-content ol li{position:relative;counter-increment:li;margin-top:.6em;margin-bottom:.6em;}.entry-content ol li::before{content:counter(li) ".";color:#4eadda;position:absolute;left:-1.6em;top:-.1em;font-size:1.1em;}.entry-content ul{list-style:none;margin-bottom:2.4em;}.entry-content ul li{position:relative;margin-top:.6em;margin-bottom:.6em;}.entry-content ul li::before{content:"◉";color:#4eadda;position:absolute;left:-1.6em;top:-.1em;font-size:1.1em;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview{margin-bottom:8em !important;}.entry-content .wp-block-lazyblock-product-hero .wpblock-productreview{margin-bottom:40px !important;}.entry-content .wp-block-lazyblock-product-hero .wpblock-productreview-container{margin-top:0px !important;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-container{position:relative;padding:1em 1.5em;box-sizing:border-box;box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 hsla(0,0%,55.7%,.5);border:0 solid rgba(0,0,0,0);background-color:#fff;margin:5em 8px 3em;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-container .wp-block-column{margin-bottom:0px;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-container .wp-block-columns{margin-bottom:0px;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-label{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:700;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:-20px;left:-10px;margin:0;padding:9px 16px 8px 14px;color:#fff;background-color:#4eadda;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14);}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-label:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;left:-10px;bottom:-7px;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0) #1e6f95 rgba(0,0,0,0) rgba(0,0,0,0);border-style:inset solid inset inset;border-width:0 0 7px;}.wpblock-productreview-name{margin:0 0 6px 0;}.wpblock-productreview-name a{color:#ff7e00;font-weight:700;line-height:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:1.25rem;}.wpblock-productreview-subtitle{margin:0 0 6px 0;}.wpblock-productreview-subtitle a{color:#000;font-weight:600;line-height:normal;font-size:1.1rem;}.wpblock-productreview-text{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:22px;padding-bottom:.5rem;}.wpblock-productreview-arrow{position:absolute;width:40px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;left:12px;bottom:-40px;}.wpblock-productreview-arrow:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:20px;height:20px;background-color:#fff;-webkit-transform:rotate(225deg);-ms-transform:rotate(225deg);transform:rotate(225deg);top:-10px;left:12px;box-shadow:-1px -1px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);}.wpblock-productreview-container:after{border:11px inset rgba(0,0,0,0);border-top:11px solid #fff;content:"";position:absolute;display:block;height:0;width:0;left:23px;bottom:-21px;}.wpblock-productreview-specs ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0 !important;}.wpblock-productreview-specs li{background-color:#e3e3e3;font-size:14px;padding:0 8px;margin-right:8px;}.wpblock-productreview-specs li::before{display:none;}.wpblock-productreview-specs a{color:gray;font-size:14px;text-decoration:underline;}.wpblock-productreview-specs small{margin-top:.6em;margin-bottom:.6em;}.wpblock-productreview-pros-cons{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.wpblock-productreview-pros,.wpblock-productreview-cons{flex-basis:300px;flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:0;}.wpblock-productreview-pros{margin-right:4px;}.wpblock-productreview-cons{margin-left:4px;}.wpblock-productreview-pros ul,.wpblock-productreview-cons ul{margin-left:1.7em;margin-bottom:0 !important;}.wpblock-productreview-pros li::before{content:"✔" !important;top:.1em !important;}.wpblock-productreview-cons li::before{content:"✘" !important;top:.1em !important;}.wpblock-productreview-cta{margin-top:2.4em;}.wpblock-productreview-cta a{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2rem;font-weight:700;width:100%;padding:.5em 1em .7em;border-radius:7px;border:0;background-color:#ff7e00;-webkit-transition:all .1s ease-in-out;transition:all .1s ease-in-out;color:#fff;color:white;text-decoration:none;display:block;text-align:center;}.wpblock-productreview-cta a:hover{background-color:#f1943a;}.wpblock-productreview-info h3{font-size:1em;font-weight:700;}.wpblock-productreview-button.large a{padding:1.1em 2em;font-size:1.3rem;}.wpblock-productreview{margin-bottom:40px;}.wpblock-productreview-image{padding:10px;}.wpblock-dualproductreview-connector{font-size:42px;text-align:center;margin:auto;}.entry-content .wpblock-productreview-container.highlight{box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 #689cb4;border:6px solid #4eadda;}.entry-content .highlight .wpblock-productreview-arrow:after{background-color:#4eadda;}.entry-content .highlight .wpblock-productreview-label{left:-16px;}.entry-content .highlight .wpblock-productreview-arrow:after{top:-4px;}@media (min-width: 782px){.wp-block-column:not(:first-child){margin-left:12px;}}.wp-block-lazyblock-recommendation{height:100%;}.wp-block-recommendation-container{background-color:#fff;padding:1em 1em 1.6em;box-shadow:0 0 4px 0 hsla(0,0%,82.4%,.5);margin:12px 0;flex-direction:column;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;height:100%;position:relative;border:5px solid white;}.wp-block-recommendation-container.highlight{border-color:#4eadda;}.wp-block-recommendation-label{position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;right:0;text-align:center;}.wp-block-recommendation-label h3,.wp-block-recommendation-label span{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:white;margin:0;font-weight:700;background-color:#4eadda;display:inline-block;padding:5px 10px;}.wp-block-recommendation-header{margin-top:18px;}.wp-block-recommendation-name{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5625rem;margin:15px 0 10px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-recommendation-name a{color:#ff7e00;}.wp-block-recommendation-image{height:120px;text-align:center;}.wp-block-recommendation-image img{max-height:100%;}.wp-block-recommendation-subtitle{font-size:1.16rem;line-height:1.3125rem;margin-top:1em;font-weight:500;}.wp-block-recommendation-subtitle a{color:#000;font-size:.95em;}.wp-block-recommendation-subtitle ul{margin-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0px !important;margin-top:1em;font-size:.8em;}.wp-block-recommendation-subtitle li::before{content:"✔" !important;}.entry-content .wp-block-recommendation-subtitle li:before{top:.2em !important;}.wp-block-recommendation-cta{font-size:1rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:700;margin-top:25px;background-color:#ff7e00;text-align:center;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:6px;}.wp-block-recommendation-cta a{color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #ff7e00;word-break:break-word;}.entry-content .wp-block-recommendation-footer{margin-top:auto;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-recommendation.highlight{border-color:#4eadda;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-recommendation{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;background-color:white;padding:8px 12px;box-shadow:0 0 4px 0 hsla(0,0%,82.4%,.5);position:relative;border:5px solid white;margin-bottom:10px;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-image{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-image img{max-width:100px;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-info{flex-basis:300px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:1;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-name{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5625rem;margin:15px 0 10px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-name a{color:#ff7e00;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-info ul{list-style:none;margin-left:2em;margin-bottom:0px !important;font-size:.8em;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-info li::before{content:"✔" !important;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-buttons{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-label{font-size:1rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:700;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:4px;right:-15px;margin:0;padding:9px 16px 8px 14px;color:#fff;background-color:#4eadda;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,14%);}.wp-block-recommendations-table-label:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;right:-10px;bottom:-7px;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0) rgba(0,0,0,0) rgba(0,0,0,0) #1e6f95;border-style:solid solid solid solid;border-width:0px 10px 7px;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-cta{font-size:1rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:700;margin-top:25px;background-color:#ff7e00;text-align:center;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:12px;}.wp-block-recommendations-table-cta a{color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #ff7e00;word-break:break-word;}.banner-block{color:#fff !important;font-size:1.1em;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding-right:32px;padding-left:32px;padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:60px;border-radius:4px;}.banner-block .banner-block-chapter{margin:0px;font-size:.8em;text-align:center;}.banner-block .banner-block-title{color:#fff !important;margin:0px;border-bottom:2px solid white;font-size:2em;padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:60px;text-align:center;}.banner-block img{margin:20px;height:180px;width:180px;border-radius:9999px;border:4px solid white;padding:3px;}.banner-block .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{font-size:4.2em;}.contents-block{padding:30px;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:30px;border:1px solid #d8d8d8;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding-left:40px;padding-right:40px;}.contents-block .contents-title{border-bottom:2px solid #333;padding-bottom:20px;margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:0px;color:#333;}.contents-block .wp-block-image{margin:0 0 10px 0 !important;}.contents-block img{border:4px solid black;padding:3px;border-radius:9999px;}.contents-block .aligncenter{margin:auto !important;}.contents-block .section-title{padding:8px 12px;border-radius:4px;font-size:.9em;margin:0;}.entry-content .is-style-circle-mask img,.is-style-rcounded img{border-radius:9999px;}@media (max-width: 781px){.contents-block{padding-left:60px;padding-right:60px;}.contents-block .wp-block-image{float:left;max-width:80px;width:30%;}.contents-block .section-title{text-align:left;padding-left:20px;display:inline-block;width:70%;}.contents-block .wp-block-columns{margin-bottom:0px;}.contents-block .wp-block-column{flex-basis:100% !important;margin:0px;}}.related-block li::before{content:"" !important;}.related-block ul{margin:0;}.related-block-heading{border-top:3px solid #333;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:30px;}.related-block-post{display:flex;}.related-block-image{flex:none;margin-right:20px;width:120px;}.related-block-content{}.related-block-title{margin:0;}.related-block-title a{color:#333 !important;}.related-block-text{font-size:.9em;}.entry-content{line-height:1.8;}ol.breadcrumb li::before{content:none;}ol.breadcrumb{padding-left:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 359px){.site-content > .cs-container{padding-right:10px !important;padding-left:10px !important;}}:root,[data-scheme="default"]{--cs-color-accent:#4eadda;--cs-color-link:#1e6f95;--cs-color-overlay-background:rgba(10,10,10,.3);}:root,[data-site-scheme="default"]{--cs-color-topbar-background:#fff;--cs-color-navbar-background:#fff;--cs-color-submenu-background:#fff;--cs-color-title-block:#000;--cs-color-hero-list-background:rgba(0,0,0,.75);}button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-squared) .wp-block-button__link,.button,.pk-button,.pk-scroll-to-top,.cs-overlay .post-categories a,.site-search [type="search"],.subcategories .cs-nav-link,.post-header .pk-share-buttons-wrap .pk-share-buttons-link,.pk-dropcap-borders:first-letter,.pk-dropcap-bg-inverse:first-letter,.pk-dropcap-bg-light:first-letter,.widget-area .pk-subscribe-with-name input[type="text"],.widget-area .pk-subscribe-with-name button,.widget-area .pk-subscribe-with-bg input[type="text"],.widget-area .pk-subscribe-with-bg button,.footer-instagram .instagram-username,.adp-popup-type-notification-box .adp-popup-button,.adp-popup-type-notification-bar .adp-popup-button{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;}.cs-input-group input[type="search"],.pk-subscribe-form-wrap input[type="text"]:first-child{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}.navbar-nav .sub-menu{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;}.post-media figure,.entry-thumbnail,.cs-post-thumbnail,.pk-overlay-thumbnail,.pk-post-thumbnail,.cs-hero-layout-boxed{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;}.meta-category .char{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;}body{font-family:Open Sans;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0px;}.cs-font-primary,button,.button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.no-comments,.text-action,.archive-wrap .more-link,.share-total,.nav-links,.comment-reply-link,.post-tags .title-tags,.post-sidebar-tags a,.meta-category a,.read-more,.post-prev-next .link-text,.navigation.pagination .nav-links > span,.navigation.pagination .nav-links > a,.subcategories .cs-nav-link,.widget_categories ul li a,.entry-meta-details .pk-share-buttons-count,.entry-meta-details .pk-share-buttons-label,.pk-font-primary,.navbar-dropdown-btn-follow,.footer-instagram .instagram-username,.navbar-follow-instagram .navbar-follow-text,.navbar-follow-youtube .navbar-follow-text,.navbar-follow-facebook .navbar-follow-text,.pk-twitter-counters .number,.pk-instagram-counters .number,.navbar-follow .navbar-follow-counters .number,.footer-instagram .pk-instagram-username,.sight-portfolio-entry__meta{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.025em;text-transform:capitalize;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.abr-review-item .abr-review-name{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.025em;text-transform:capitalize;}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="number"],input[type="tel"],input[type="range"],input[type="date"],input[type="month"],input[type="week"],input[type="time"],input[type="datetime"],input[type="datetime-local"],input[type="color"],select,textarea,label,.cs-font-secondary,.post-meta,.archive-count,.page-subtitle,.site-description,figcaption,.post-tags a,.tagcloud a,.wp-block-image figcaption,.wp-block-audio figcaption,.wp-block-embed figcaption,.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote .wp-block-pullquote__citation,.post-format-icon,.comment-metadata,.says,.logged-in-as,.must-log-in,.wp-caption-text,.widget_rss ul li .rss-date,blockquote cite,.wp-block-quote cite,div[class*="meta-"],span[class*="meta-"],.navbar-brand .tagline,small,.post-sidebar-shares .total-shares,.cs-breadcrumbs,.cs-homepage-category-count,.navbar-follow-counters,.searchwp-live-search-no-results em,.searchwp-live-search-no-min-chars:after,.pk-font-secondary,.pk-instagram-counters,.pk-twitter-counters,.footer-copyright,.pk-instagram-item .pk-instagram-data .pk-meta,.navbar-follow-button .navbar-follow-text,.archive-timeline .entry-date,.archive-wrap .archive-timeline .entry-date span,.cs-video-tools-large .cs-tooltip,.abr-badge-primary{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:none;}.meta-category a .char{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;}.entry-excerpt{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;}.entry-content{font-family:inherit;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:inherit;}.site-title{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.125em;text-transform:uppercase;}.large-title{font-family:hg-grotesk,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:none;}.footer-title{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.125em;text-transform:uppercase;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6,.comment-author .fn,blockquote,.pk-font-heading,.post-sidebar-date .reader-text,.wp-block-quote,.wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover-image-text,.wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover-text,.wp-block-cover h2,.wp-block-cover-image .wp-block-cover-image-text,.wp-block-cover-image .wp-block-cover-text,.wp-block-cover-image h2,.wp-block-pullquote p,p.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter,.pk-font-heading,.cnvs-block-tabs .cnvs-block-tabs-button a,.sight-portfolio-area-filter__title,.sight-portfolio-area-filter__list-item a{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:none;}.title-block,.pk-font-block,.pk-widget-contributors .pk-author-posts > h6,.cnvs-block-section-heading{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.025em;text-transform:uppercase;}.navbar-nav > li > a,.cs-mega-menu-child > a,.widget_archive li,.widget_categories li,.widget_meta li a,.widget_nav_menu .menu > li > a,.widget_pages .page_item a{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:none;}.navbar-nav .sub-menu > li > a,.widget_categories .children li a,.widget_nav_menu .sub-menu > li > a{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:none;}.navbar-topbar .navbar-wrap{min-height:auto;}.navbar-primary .navbar-wrap,.navbar-primary .navbar-content{height:60px;}.offcanvas-header{flex:0 0 60px;}.post-sidebar-shares{top:calc(60px + 20px);}.admin-bar .post-sidebar-shares{top:calc(60px + 52px);}.header-large .post-sidebar-shares{top:calc(60px * 2 + 52px);}.header-large.admin-bar .post-sidebar-shares{top:calc(60px * 2 + 52px);}.cs-hero-layout .cs-overlay-background:after{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.43);}@media (max-width: 599px){.pk-subscribe-with-name input[type="text"],.pk-subscribe-with-bg input[type="text"]{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;}}[data-site-scheme="default"] .page-header{background:linear-gradient(45deg,#c4b9a7,#f7ecda);}[data-site-scheme="dark"] .page-header{background:linear-gradient(45deg,#333,#333);}